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Loon Magic - Wayzata Technology (8011) (1993).iso
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06wildmd.txt
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1993-07-25
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The Tremolo
Reacting to the common loon's tremolo call, writer John McPhee
reflected, "If he were human, it would be the laugh of the deeply
insane." It's probably this call which drove the Chicago tourists out of
their lakeside cabin. But getting a tremolo call on paper is like
catching a brook trout with bare handsmit may be fun to try but one
should not expect much for dinner. Barklow called the tremolo "a
relatively slow frequency modulation with a superimposed
modulation of amplitude." Then he got technical. It's a good thing we
have the Voices of the Loon album and the opportunity to hear many
thousands of the real callers. To appreciate the tremolo or any other
loon call you simply have to hear it.
While any motivational inferences about the tremolo are just
informed guesses, Barklow and others have developed some well-
supported theories. After several years of attempting to put loon
calls and behaviors together, Barklow has defined the tremolo as the
loon's all purpose call which can signal alarm, annoyance, worry or
greeting. Isolating three different types of tremolos, Barklow
suggests the tremolo could provide a graded sytem of communication
between loons. The lower frequency calls reflect a low level of
anxiety or intensity while the high frequency tremolo calls reflect a
sense of urgency. Barklow has designated these simply Types 1, 2
and 3 with Type 1 being the lowest and Type 3 the highest level of
intensity.
According to Barklow, the ability to modify the "meaning" of a
single call is rare in birds or other animals. Apparently loons can
send very different messages by increasing the duration and
frequency of the tremolo. The longest and most complex of the
tremolo calls, the Type 3 call, is usually reserved for occasions of
extreme alarm or anxiety.
In Barklow's view, all three tremolo types usually signal a
tendency to flee. Usually the tremolo is coupled with behavioral
responses such as a dive, a run on the surface or a take-off. The
presence of people often elicits the tremolo, especially when boaters
or fishermen approach too closely. University of Stockholm scientists,
Sverre Sjolander and Greta Agren, documented quite well this
disturbance-tremolo association. From a distance they observed
people encountering loons. In ninety-four consecutive human
disturbance situations, loons gave a tremolo call; no other calls were
heard.
Mated pairs frequently use a tremolo duet when a disturbance
threatens their young. When given "in stereo" on opposite sides of
the intruder (like fishermen in a canoe) it can be very distracting
and could potentially confuse less mentally gifted predators. This
beautiful tremolo duet is also used in early spring to apparently
reinforce pair bonds and advertise territorial rights.
But the tremolo isn't reserved just for human encroachment.
Millions of years before Homo sapiens appeared, the tremolo call
echoed across ancient lakes. Loons often use the tremolo to
communicate while flying; in fact, the tremolo is the only call loons
can give while in flight. Loons are selective in their use of the
tremolo when flying over lakes; Barklow noticed that loons flying
over loon-less lakes were usually silent. Keeping track of when flying
loons used the tremolo, Barklow heard tremolos only one of nine
times a loon flew over a loon-less lake, but twenty-two of twenty-
four times a loon flew over a lake holding loons.
Other situations which provoke the tremolo include, according to
Barklow, the return of a loon's mate, social activities such as group
displays, and chorusing with other loons. Attempting to relate the
various tremolo types with particular loon behaviors, Barklow
discovered that the Type 2 or middle ground call is the most
versatile, accounting for over half of all tremolo calls. With the help
of audiospectrographs, Barklow could even see subtle differences
within call types. Some Type 2 calls reflect greater or lesser
intensity. A low frequency Type 2 call might mean "let's get out of
here" while a high frequency Type 2 might mean "let's get out of
here now." These variations within variations give more meaning to
Sigurd Olson's comment about an endless repertoire.